Social Determinants Of Health Disparities - 1354 Words

Social determinants of health inequity reflect deeper social divisions, which generate multiple risks that are reproduced over time. Hierarchies of power must be critiqued through the lenses of class and race to make tangible the seemingly abstract connections between social and economic determinants and distribution of health inequity. Racism finds refuge in various forms of material exploitation; narrow interventions that fail to address the root causes that undermine the health and well-being of members of the community will ultimately fail.1 The treatment of Mexican immigrants with tuberculosis (TB) by health officials in Los Angeles from 1914 to 1940 is a telling story that made salient the insidious impact of poverty and race on health, and it provides an important lesson for public health officials. The discourse of Manifest Destiny, which justified U.S. expansionism during the Mexican-American war, portrayed white Americans as superior to Mexicans and rendered Mexicans largely invisible in American public health policy for most of the 1800s. The dominant belief was that due to their inferior constitutions, the Mexican presence in America would eventually die out. Furthermore, the barrioization process kept Mexicans spatially and symbolically segregated from the greater population in California.2 It was only in the early 1900s, as it became clear that the Mexican population had, in fact, not died out, but had instead increased due to the growing number ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Determinants Of Health And Health Disparities1724 Words   |  7 Pagespublic health analysis have increasingly focused on how social determinants of health influence health outcomes and disparities (Clarke, C. E., Niederdeppe, J., Lundell, H. C., 2012). They have also explored strategies for raising pub lic awareness and mobilizing support for policies to address social determinants of health, with particular attention to narrative and image-based information Clarke, C. E., Niederdeppe, J., Lundell, H. C., 2012). The relationship between the social determinants of healthRead MoreHealth Disparities And Health Care895 Words   |  4 Pagesethnic health needs, including culture norms, religious mandates, and health disparities. The health disparities refers to specific differences in disease incidence, health outcomes, quality of health care and access to health care services that exist across racial and ethnic groups (Mandal, 2014). Disparities may result from inadequate access to care, poor quality of care, cultural issues and social determinants. Health Policy Issues Disparity Despite improvements, differences persist in health careRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Relationships On Mental Health1485 Words   |  6 Pagesnature, social relationships can influence behavioral health, psychological health, physical health, and mortality in a myriad of ways (Umberson and Montez, 2010). In general, healthy and high-quality social relationships are those characterized by support and mutual respect; whereas unhealthy and low-quality social relationships are those deemed toxic through stress and disrespect. High-quality social relationships, wherein people experience camaraderie and happiness, yield substantial health benefitsRead MoreHealth Disparities Among African Americans893 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican-American men lack appropriate necessities when it comes to health care. Continuous efforts to bridge the gap among African American men with prostate cancer still remains high in the United States. Evidence shows how disproportionate this ethnic population leads in both incidence and mortality rate concerning social determinants of health, as well as health disparities. Major key factors that contribute to this health disparity among African Americans men are low socioeconomic status (SES) andRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Infant Mortality And Birth Outcomes725 Words   |  3 Pagespeople work, play, grow, live that affect wide range of health and quality of life. The determinants like socio-economic status, race, ethnicity, social capital, behavioral factors (e.g., tobacco use, maternal smoking), biological and psychosocial factors (e.g., family and peer social support) which greatly affects the inequalities among minorities in infant mortality and birth outcomes (Kim, 2013). In order to understand the social determinants impacting infant mortality and birth outcomes, it isRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health1458 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as the social determinants of health; the central claim arising from this research is that â€Å"various social factors have a strong influence on population health and on inequalities in health outcomes across social groups†. (Preda Voigt, 2015) Social determinants of health are conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks. Conditions such as social, economicRead MoreHealth Disparities And Health Care For Minorities917 Words   |  4 Pageshttp://health.usnews .com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2016-02-11/racial-bias-in-medicine-leads-to-worse-care-for-minorities. In this article, the experience of a medical doctor is used to shed light on the subject of racial bias/ discrimination in health care and how it is affecting health outcome of racial and ethnic minority. â€Å"Race or ethnic group is a major social factor that influences health in the U.S Braveman 387. Health inequity is at the center stage of public health discussion. UnderstandingRead MoreHealth Status Of Minority Group Essay623 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The future health of the nation will be determined to a large extent by how effectively we work with communities to reduce and eliminate health disparities between non-minority and minority populations experiencing disproportionate burdens of disease, disability, and premature death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ~  Guiding Principle for Improving Minority Health Health Status of Minority Group Medical advances and new technologies have provided people in America with the potential for longerRead MoreHealth Disparities And Health Care1015 Words   |  5 PagesHealth disparities are present in our health care system. Whether it be racial, educational, or environmental, these disparities exist and are detrimental to health care outcomes. While there have been recent advancements in how to eliminate or reduce these disparities, there is still a major inequity in health care for all individuals. This paper will include definitions of health equity and health inequity, steps to reduce health inequity, and two important decisions used to decrease in healthRead MoreThe Social Determinants of Health: How Where We Live, Learn, Work and Play Impacts the Health of Americans1238 Words   |  5 Pagessome countries – but less than 45 years if she is born in others† (Commission on Social Determinants of Health [CSDH], 2008, p. iii). This startling statistic is found in the introduction to the report by the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) on the impact of certain inequities on people’s health throughout the world. These inequities, referred to as the social determinants of health (SDOH), are the social and economic conditions in the environment in which people are born, live, work

Analysis on Things Fall Apart Free Essays

Antonio Church March 21, 2013 Things Fall Apart Analysis The purpose of this paper is to provide the audience with my analysis of Chinua Achebe’s â€Å"Things Fall Apart. † I am going to start off by explaining the setting of the book. I feel that these types of facts are important to the story in making it readable to the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis on Things Fall Apart or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you understand where and when the story is taking place, you will get a good understanding of what the story is actually symbolizing. Once I finish that, I am going to discuss some of the key characters in the book along with some of the problems they faced. After that, I plan to fully analyze Chinua Achebe’s book that includes key themes, maybe some important symbols that make you dig deeper into the point of the book itself. This also includes the decisions of the main character that lead to rising action and/or falling action in the book. This is pretty much the meaning behind the book and helps the reader understand what the author wanted us, as readers, to know as far as the main point of writing about the subject he or she chose. Then I am going to end it off with an ending statement of what I actually thought about the book summarizing what was talked about previously. Chinua Achebe’s, â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, take place in the lower villages of Nigeria, Africa. Further reading states these could possibly be the villages of Mbanta, Iguedo, and Umuofia (where it is most of the time) in the time period of the 1890s. The setting shows that the story could be about an African successor of some sort before even starting to read. The setting also sets the narrator’s tone for the story. It seems, by reading on, that the narrator is or was possibly a native of the villages by the way he talked and discussed 1 the actions of the characters. The narrator’s tone also show signs of sympathy for the characters which makes the reader believe he was once or still is a native of the village. Now I am going to discuss some of the key characters of the story and their significance in the story. After reading a couple chapters of the book, the reader can catch on to who the protagonist (main character) could be. I believe the main character is Okonkwo, a native of the village Iguedo. It was said that Okonkwo was a great warrior and he proved those words were correct by defeating the once undefeated Amalinze the Cat in a wrestling match. The Cat was undefeated for seven years before going down to Okonkwo. Okonkwo was trying everything he could not to be anything like his deceased father, Unoka. I remind you that Okonkwo was considered a warrior in his village because his father was the exact opposite. In the reading, the narrator states that Unoka didn’t like blood or the sight of blood so there was no warrior type qualities in him. Okonkwo prided on being active and being what he calls, â€Å"manly. † He always wanted to prove that laziness got you nowhere and he really despised lazy men because his father was nothing but a lazy man. His father would always borrow money and eventually lose any money he had. As a kid, Okonkwo remembered his father being unable to feed his family because he was so lazy and made them starve of hunger. So Okonkwo set the standards of a man to be everything his father wasn’t rejecting anything his father stood for. Okonkwo was married three times to three different wives and with that brought many children. While trying not to be like his father, Okonkwo eventually started having a hard time adjusting to the lifestyle he had. He started having trouble being a father and remaining relevant in the village he resided. As he started to realize that he cannot keep up, the reader was left wondering if he’d ever get it together. 2 The major conflict in this story has something to do with change. A change in tradition causes Okonkwo to become more irrelevant and his decision-making is weighed heavily to be negative. The renovations in tradition of Umuofia, brought about by the whites, were eventually followed by most of the villagers that caused the tradition of the village to take a sudden change; a change that Okonkwo could not keep up with. The theme for this conflict could possibly be the struggle between tradition and change. I think this theme fits because it describes that there was a change from traditional (original) to something new, which would be tough for anyone at any time. Another conflict would be the obvious of Okonkwo trying not to be anything like his father. I don’t blame him by the way he described his father. No strong willed man wants to be a lazy, weak individual who can’t provide for his family. Every man wants to be strong, stand on his own two feet and succeed both financial and physically. Things take a abruptly negative turn when Okonkwo is eventually exiled for unintentionally killing a member of the clan. To my understanding, Okonkwo believed that it was a court messenger. Okonkwo then starts to feel weak because of this. He starts to think he has no power, no respect, or support from the fellow villagers. Of course, when your own all take a stand to turn against you, one will feel betrayed and ashamed. This led to Okonkwo believing that not only he has become weak, but his clan has become weak as well. So what does he do? He separates himself from the trouble; the anguish of depression and the thought of becoming anything like his father was something he simply could not take. So like any coward that cannot take the pressure of becoming a failure, he commits suicide by hanging himself. For someone who doesn’t want to be a disgrace, failure, and weak individual, he sure went out like one. 3 This was a good book to me. I believe that it had much significance to the Nigerian villages in which were discussed in the book. The author wanted us to know about Okonkwo and his struggle to accept change in a traditional environment. He wanted us to see how failure could eventually lead to depression and downfall. I feel that the author was trying to tell us that Okonkwo ended up trying not to be anything like his father but, in some cases, ended up to be just like him. By reading, I can say I feel that Okonkwo went out like a coward because anyone who commits suicide is nowhere near a strong willed â€Å"manly† man. His whole life, Okonkwo was trying to set an example for his deceased father by being everything he couldn’t be. This eventually led to his downfall because he was so strung on being this dominant individual; he lost sight of what was really going on, which was change. Change was the main reason life was eventually hard for him. But overall, I believe the book to be a great read. In conclusion, â€Å"Things Fall Apart,† by Chinua Achebe was a book about nothing less than a traditional man struggling to change. The setting was said to be in about the 1890s in the villages in Nigeria. One village in particular, Umuofia was where most of the story took place. I’ve explained to you that Okonkwo was a native of Iguedo and was this great warrior of the Umuofia clan. His father, Unoka, was considered a weak, poor, and cowardly man. Okonkwo set out in his life to be everything his father couldn’t be. He later became a victim of change and found himself becoming weak and unable to provide just like his father. Unable to deal with the agony of becoming any split image of his father and realizing his clan was becoming weak, he decided to hang himself and commit suicide. The perfect story of how success plus anger and violence brings a strong willed man to become weak. 4 How to cite Analysis on Things Fall Apart, Papers

Third Degree Burn Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Third Degree Burn and Effects. Answer: Third Degree BurnBackground A burn is a damage to body tissues which results from contact with elements such as heat, chemical or radiation. Third-degree burns are a type of burn damage that affects both the epidermis and the dermis i.e. both the outer and inner layer respectively. Third-degree burns are also referred to as full thickness burns. The classification of burns can be traced back to the 18th century by two German surgeons. The description of third degree burns at that time was a burn damage to both the skin and the underlying flesh, with a formation of a crust (Lee, Joory, Moiemen, 2014). Later in the 19th century, burns were classified into six degrees with the third-degree burns classified as burns resulting in the destruction of both the papillary layer and the subpapillary network of the corium. This classification done by Dupuytren is the one thats still in use up to date (Mieny Mennen, 2003). however, most of the literature works prefer a simpler classification which classifies burns into th ree degrees. This classification can be attributed to the works of a French surgeon by the name Boyer in the 18th century. According to Boyer, a third-degree burn is a burn that leads to tissue disorganisation leading to a dry yellow crust (Lee, Joory, Moiemen, 2014). Regardless, the most acceptable description being the type of burns that destroys both the epidermis and dermis. Cause Third-degree burns in most cases result from direct skin exposure to heat for an extended period of time. This includes contact with hot objects such as iron or a skillet. Additionally, exposure to flames from a fire for a long time can also cause full-thickness burns. A third-degree burn may also be caused by hot water or steam, caustic chemicals (such as acids), radiation exposure, friction and exposure to an electrical source (Borke, 2016). Symptoms An area of the skin that has suffered a third-degree burn, the skin generally appears either black, white, charred, brown or leathery in appearance. The wound is often surrounded by dry, black necrotic tissue. Owing to the fact that most nerve endings in the dermis are destroyed alongside it, full-thickness burns are typically painless (Singer, Taira, Lee, 2014). Regardless, since these wounds are surrounded by wounds of different thicknesses, the areas surrounding these wounds are often painful. Method of diagnosis A third-degree burn can be diagnosed depending on the patient symptoms and general health history. Through a physical exam, a patient can be diagnosed based on the signs and symptoms, and recent exposure to anything that can cause burns (i.e. anything hot, or a chemical, or any of the above-mentioned agents. Effects Third-degree burns are often difficult to treat and also runs the risk of disability upon recovery. The following are the most prevalent effects of full-thickness burns: Infections: Third degree burns interfere with the integrity of the skin hence hampering its capacity to perform the full function of serving as a barrier against external infections. Third-degree burn sites create hard avascular eschar forms that provide an environment thats attractive to microbial growth. In addition, antibodies and antibiotics cannot pass past the thick eschar Hypovolemia and hypothermic shock With third-degree burns, the capacity of the skin to perform the functions of regulation of fluid loss and the regulation of body heat. When third-degree burns occur over a large area, there is the risk of hypovolemia, alongside hypothermia which significantly increases the mortality rates in persons with severe trauma. Tetanus: There is an elevated risk for tetanus for burn sites. Patients suffering from third-degree burns and who havent been immunised in the past five years, are often at increased risk of developing tetanus, hence requiring a booster shot. Treatment Treatment depends on the patient's symptoms, age, and general health. It also depends on the severity of the condition. typically, treatment is done in a hospital unit specialised in burns. The three primary goals in the treatment of any burns are prevention of shock, relieve pain and discomfort, and the reduction of risk of infection (Kestrel Health Information, 2017). Treatment for full-thickness burns depends on the severity of the burn. The severity of a burn is determined by three major factors: the location of the burn, the amount of body surface affected and the depth of the burn (Adler Brown, 2017). The treatment may include immediate care in the emergency department, precisely the hospital burn unit. The care provided may include wound debridement to remove the dead tissue and foreign materials, breathing and blood circulation support, intravenous administration of electrolytes and antibiotics (can also be administered orally), administration of antibacterial cream, bandaging, administration of nutritional supplements and a diet rich in protein, administration of anti-itch and pain medications, and the tetanus vaccine (Cecil, Goldman, Schafer, 2012) Such wounds heal slowly. Often after it heals, surgery may be needed in order to facilitate movement of the limb and also to remove and repair the tissue that was scarred. Often, skin grafting may be required to cover or close the burnt area. Skin grafting involves removal of an unburnt healthy skin from another part of the body to cover the affected part. When an individual covers third-degree burns over a large percentage of the body, there are options of either using cadaver skin or using healthy skin as a skin graft (Lozano, 2017). Prevention Third-degree burns can be prevented by undertaking the appropriate precautions. Full-thickness burns often results from accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to take safety precautions whenever working in risky environments. This may include performing jobs in environments with electricity, and inflammable substances. These environments are precursors for accidents that may cause third-degree burns. To minimise the general risk of burns, individuals should take precautions such as installing smoke alarms in homes and at workplaces, learning about fire safety and emergency first aid, making the home environment risky free especially for children, installation of fire-fighting equipment at homes and workplaces, and knowing about and practicing fire escape routes at homes, schools and workplaces. Recommendations For the prevention of burns, it is recommended to work in risky-free environments at all times. Always minimise the risk of exposure and take precautionary measures. Conclusion Third-degree burns are a type of burns which damage both the epidermis and the dermis. They are also referred to as full thickness burns. Third-degree burns in most cases result from direct skin exposure to heat, steam, radiations, or caustic chemical for an extended period of time. Their diagnosis depends on the degree of damage and the general health of the patient. Without proper management, there is an overall risk of disability, hypovolaemia, hypothermia, tetanus and infections of the wounds. References Adler, L., Brown, K. (2017). Third-Degree Burn in Children. Retrieved from University of Rochester Medical Center: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90ContentID=P01760 Borke, J. (2016, May 5). Burns. Retrieved from MedlinePlus: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000030.htm Cecil, R. L., Goldman, L., Schafer, A. I. (2012). Goldman's Cecil Medicine. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences. Kestrel Health Information. (2017). BUrns, Full-Thickness (Third- and Fourth -Degree). Retrieved from Wound Source: https://www.woundsource.com/patientcondition/burns-full-thickness-third-and-fourth-degree Lee, K. C., Joory, K., Moiemen, N. S. (2014). History of burns: The past, present and the future. Burns Trauma, 169-180. Lozano, D. (2017). Third-Degree Burn: Treatment. Retrieved from Lehigh Valley Network: https://www.lvhn.org/conditions_treatments/burn/third_degree_burn/learn_about_third_degree_burn/treatment Mieny, C., Mennen, U. (2003). Principles of Surgical Patient Care. Pretoria: New Africa Books (Pty) Ltd. Singer, A., Taira, B., Lee, C. (2014). Thermal burns. In J. Marx, R. Hockberger, R. Walls, Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practic (p. Chapter 63). Elsevier Saunders: Philadelphia, PA.

Pollution in Beijing, China

Introduction Dangerously high pollution levels shrouded Beijing in smog for several days in Jan, 2013. Poor visibility and 755 air pollution levels as measured by the US Embassy in Beijing shocked all Chinese residents.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pollution in Beijing, China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similar data by the American embassy also showed the PM 2.5 had reached an all-time high of 866 microgram per cubic meter, a figure 25 times that of the standard level in US . Local authorities reacted to this even in the following way, they issued containment orders such as requiring reduced construction and engineering activities, restriction on travels by civil officers and reduced outdoor school activities. Beijing, the mega city capital of China with an estimated population of 20 million has a long history of pollution problems. Sadly to say, but persistent environmental pollution has been br ought about by the massive economic growth of the country and which is yet to be sufficiently addressed by successive communist regimes. Over-reliance on coal for energy, high motorization and poor enforcement of anti-pollution laws have been cited in many areas as the prime causes of pollution . Air pollution involves having dangerous inhalable quantities of particles of soot, organic compounds, heavy metals, acid aerosols and dust . In Beijing, just like in many other megacities in China, coal, auto exhaust and construction are the major agents of air pollution. Importantly to note that natural feature mainly geographical and weather pattern and not just emissions also play key roles in the pollution and pollutants levels of the city . High pollution is associated with adverse effects on human health, environment, animal and economic development. In China, a pollution level is determined from a number of standards specified in the National Ambient Air Pollutant Standards. The part iculate matter (PM) is measured on various scales. PM10 and PM2.5 are used but not TSP which was discontinued in 2001 . Heavy pollution in populous areas of Beijing and near by regions such as Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei region has been attributed to high PM2.5 and ozone concentrations.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More PM2.5 has been widely used in Beijing during the last decade . To underscore the seriousness of pollution in Beijing, it should be stated that in all measurements in Beijing, the level of PM2.5 has remained exceedingly high compared to the WHO standards . This paper discusses the key aspects of air pollution in Beijing with extrapolation of the same to the rest of China cities. Beijing is highly pollution and examining the roots, effects and control measures will present a wider picture of the state of air pollution in China. The content is by no means ex haustive and further reference may be helpful. Various factors account for high level of air pollution in the Chinese capital. These are discussed in the following section. This is followed by the effects and later control measures before conclusion is drawn at the end. Reasons for high pollution in Beijing The causes of pollution in Beijing are not far from those of the greater China. They range from heavy industry by products, high population to poor environmental and enforcement policies.Pollution in Beijing was extremely high in the 1990s . However, since 1998, Beijing authorities continuously publish weekly air quality reports for concentration of TSP, SO2, NOx and carbon monoxide (CO) . Heavy industry Massive industrialization over the years has been a key marker of the impressive economic growth China has experienced the past decades. Throughout the last two decades heavy and high tech industries have replaced traditional â€Å"cleaner† financial and service one . Thes e include steel, petrol, automobile, as well and chemical producers. The top pollutant producing industries in descending order of ranking are electricity, cement, transportation and warehousing .These industries release dangerous particulate matter, gases, volatile compounds and aerosols into the air. Industries insatiable need for energy has overstretched the available sources. To date, coal remains the primary source of energy for majority of industries in Beijing. In fact, coal account for 70% of all energy needs in China. In 2010 Beijing alone spent 27 metric tones of coal . Burning of coal and release of its untreated byproducts adds a lot of CO2, SO2 and soot in the air. SO2 emission has been on the increase in Beijing and other cities in China .Chemically, the combustion of coal accounts for 90% of SO2 air emissions, and over 70% of dust, nitrogen and CO2 .Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pollution in Beijing, China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Comparison of coal use, SO2 emission and GDP in China Figure 1. Total coal consumption, national SO2 emissions, and GDP in China during 1995-2006 Between 1997 and 2005 alone the increase was 12%. Industrialization in Beijing can be understood from its contribution to the national GDP. Together, with the cities of Shanghai and those in the Pearl River Delta region such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong, it accounts for about 20% of the GDP. Although heavy industrialization is the major source of pollution in Beijing and most China, its development has been necessitated by the high population that calls for constant jobs and improvement of livelihood. The following section examines the role of high population in regards to pollution. Figure 2. Energy production and emission of major pollutants Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Huge population Today, China is the most densely populated country in the world. At the start of this decade, its population stood at over 1.2 billion persons. This presents a serious challenge in tackling various forms of pollution. However, even though the country shows a 60% urbanization 60%, the biggest part of the population still lives in rural areas. Notwithstanding, this implies constant pressure on the government to create jobs and provide utility services. Meeting these demands obviously comes at a cost. It is known fact that the astronomical growth in GDP in China has been instrumental in lifting millions of Chinese out of poverty.Fast growing cities continue to attract huge number of people from rural areas in search of jobs. The urban population grew by about 20% between 1980 and 2005 . In Beijing alone, the population currently stands at over 20 million from 15.4 million in 2005 .Overall, the population of Beijing has witnessed an annual rise of about 2% since 1990s . High population translates into more use of solid fuels and coal . Furthermore, despite great economic progress, biomass fuel and coal is still heavily relied on in rural areas. High population has contributed to air pollution in many ways. First, high ever-swelling urban population calls for more housing leading to intensive construction thus compounding air problems. Secondly, massive urban expansion leads to differences in surface temperatures between the main city center and far flung suburban and decrease in relative humidity. This sets perfect condition of accumulation of particulate matter and development of smog in the area. The tall buildings also interfere with moving of air thus clogging the atmosphere pollutants. Lastly, High urban population also led to increased demand and usage of auto transport leading to increased vehicular emissions . Between 1999 and 2005, the number of vehicles in Beijing increased from 1.39 million to 2.65 million . The next section details the impact of high number of cars on air pollution in Beijing. Number of cars Motorization in Beijing has grown relatively fast in similar pattern to swelling city population and growth in economy . Continuous growth of number of vehicles and resultant emission are an impediment to efforts in improving urban air quality . Fig 3.Growth in vehicle numbers in Beijing between 1989 to 2009 Beijing has experienced a steady increase of about 13% in number of vehicles to reach over 5 million today. The bulk of this is personal vehicles and efforts are underway to lessen it through establishment of various public mass transportation systems. This astonishing increase has brought with it challenges in tackling air pollution in the city. In this regard, various investigators has identified motor emissions are key facilitators of air pollution in the area. Emissions from vehicles has been cited as sources of high CO, NOx, Volatile organic compounds and ozone in central and downtown in Beijing. Les s planting of trees Availability of land is a key catalyst of economic industrialization many forested regions have been cleared to set up factories. This has reduced the forest cover of Beijing to just below 1 %. The end result of this is increased suspension of particulate matter in the air and poor sequestration of carbon compounds and other emission from the atmosphere. Inefficient pollution control Despite apparent political will to tackle air pollution, control measures set out are yet to reduce air pollution levels to even just below international standards. The State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) and its successor Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP)goals of time-based cuts in major emissions has not produced little improvement. A notable effort is the 10 stages emergency control measures launched by the Beijing government in 1998. The gains of this initiative have been erratic, partly affected by ballooning vehicle number and the city population. Furt her evidence of challenges in addressing environmental degradation is from the fact that Beijing has twiced postponed the nationwide rollout of vehicle-emissions standards despite the lagging of fuel-quality standards. In addition, emission rates remain relatively high above world standards. A good example is NOx emissions. NOx emissions have actually increased within the last decade despite effort to lower it. Wang Hao (2012) attribute this to slow and/or halted control legislations. MEP has estimated the NOx is over 22mt, a level far above that of United States and Europe. The installations of low NOx burners (LNB), as required by law seem not to have produced any reductions. According to a report by the Washington-based Center for strategic and InternationalStudies (CSIS) (2008), a major impediment to pollution control implementation in Beijing has been the lack of connection between the central and local authorities. Beijing efforts to cut dangerous emission is thwarted by loca l authorities who disregard pollution legislation in favor of emissions control. Fig. 4 Emission of SO2, NOx and TSP (total suspended particle) in china, 2000-2010 In Beijing, NOx has been associated with the 20% rise of nitrate aerosol in PM2.5 and ozone between 2000 and 2008. PM emissions standards have produced mixed effect pointing to the fact that success in cutting dangerous emitted require concerted effort. For example, while PM emission standard requiring adoption of technologies such as installation of electrostatic precipitators (ESP) and fabric filters have produced reduction in some industries ,this has been cancelled out by high PM from traditional steel, cement and aluminum industries. The level of PM10 in Beijing has oscillated between 114-127 g/m3 between 2005 and 2010, way above the 40 g/m3 of European Union’s air quality standard. High pollution in Beijing and greater China has produced the common effects recorded elsewhere touching on human health, environ ment, animals generally the growth of affected cities. The next section details each of these points Effects of high pollution Health effects Massive industrialization in China has produced proportionate decline in environmental quality in most cities. Beijing is no exception. Highly polluted outdoor air is associated with 300,000 deaths, 20million cases of respiratory infection and an annual health budget of over 500 billion Yuan representing roughly 3% of the gross GDP. Data by WHO also indicates that approximately 450,000 premature deaths are due to the used of solid fuels in homes. Most of the health problems have been traced to coal combustion. Some of the health effects of air pollution include reduced fetal and child growth, pulmonary diseases (e.g. asthma), development abnormalities, and risk of cancer. Studies have shown that the most affected are fetuses,infants and young children due to greater absorption and slower toxic elimination by their bodies. Studies have also sho wn the yearly mean density of respirable particles in Beijing and other megacities such as Shanghai to be around/over 100 µg/m3 , a concentration nearly four times of comparable cities such as New York and Tokyo. This may explain the high number of respiratory problems common in Beijing, where face masks are easy to spot.The European Space Agency (ESA) considers Beijing to be one of the Chinese cities with the worst levels of NOx that seriously damages the lungs. It is difficult to estimate the actual mortality and other health problems due to air pollution in China because the local government does not reveal real data to the public . Poor air quality is scarring would-be inhabitants and contributing to abandonment of the city by expatriates. John Pomfret, aWashington Post writer when asked why he moved back to Los Angeles Jokingly said â€Å"for the air†. Although there are no statistical figures of the impact of this migration, it illustrates the dire nature of air pollu tion in Beijing and other Chinese megacities Environmental effects The environment has been a major casualty of severe air pollution in China. Statistics from the MEP for 2010 indicate that 50.4% of monitored Chinese cities suffered from acid rain during that year alone. According to the same report areas with heavy pollution and low PH (.4.5)precipitation increased for the 1995-2010 period. Acidic rainfall can bring about skin infection, corrosion of building and impairment of plants growth. A noted trend in recent years is that Beijing and other northern cities such as Tumen, Chengde, and Shangluo have recorded PH of below 5.6. In general, acid rain problems has escalated in the last two decades with 30% of Chinese territories experiencing acid rain pollution since the 1990s. China has overtaken the United States as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases (Wang Hao,2012; Ma, 2013).Since 2006, China has led the world in CO2 emissions and together with the USA account for about 40% of global emissions . This has resulted in increased external pressure for China to assume greater role in curbing global warming. For example, heavy use of coal and other fossil fuels that during the process of burning release greenhouse gases is the main source of the global climate changes. Recent extremely severe winters attest to these claims. Apart from CO2, China also releases huge amounts of methane, an important greenhouse gas whose source is rice paddies, landfills, coal mines, and a number of natural sources. Marine and ecological effects Particulate matter gets soaked with precipitation and finds way into water bodies. Heavy metals particles may also enter animal ecosystem through general sedimentation. These occurrences alter the ecological balance of marine habitat by affecting the PH, light penetration, aeration and density of water. Death of marine animals arises when their breathing systems get clogged by particulate matter and from poisoning. From the water bodies the pollutants may find their way into the food chain through human consumption of fish and other marine animals. A large shoal of floating dead fish has become a common sight in water bodies around Beijing. Country/city economic development Mitigating the problems and causes by air pollution is an extremely expensive undertaking. Billions that would otherwise been channeled to grow the economy are spent on health costs, technologies to cut harmful emissions and related areas.. In spite of scarce empirical data, the benefit of lessening respiratory illness in children was estimated at 3.5 billion dollars over the period 2002-2011. No example illustrates this better than the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Organizing committee has to spend billion to improve the quality of air and increase the number of â€Å"blue sky† days. High air pollution in Beijing has also drawn sharp criticism from outside and pressure to adopt tough measures which may interfere with local economies. Today Chi na is still under pressure to sign Kyoto Protocol to cut greenhouse emissions and meet targets set for top carbon emitters. Suggested pollution control measures Reducing air pollution is critical to the welfare and progression of Beijing. Although authorities have made commendable strides in cutting harmful emission, a lot still remains undone. Curtailing and reducing major emissions will require concerted efforts at individual, governmental and organization level. Individuals residing in the city should be encouraged to plant more trees, use more public transport, and develop a deep sense of environmental consciousness. This is necessary as by 2010, the total number of vehicle in Beijing stood at 4.87million. Encouraging the use of public transport can lower emission of CO, hydrocarbons, NOx and particulate matter from motor vehicles. Additionally, Investigators have also identified automobiles among the top agents of air pollution in Beijing. Therefore, future air pollution interv ention measures need to consider expansion and revamping of public transportation system as a key mitigating factor. As China become more industrialized farming and related activities such as planting trees continue to loose attention. This needs to be reversed. Authorities should encourage planting as green plants sequester excess carbon from the environment. In addition some plant can act as reservoir for heavy metals, decreasing their concentration in the atmosphere. Authorities also need to encourage and instill and instill a deep sense of environmental consciousness among residents. Such measures have been shown to be beneficial in western countries that once faced similar pollution problems. The central government is continually rolling out ‘cleaning’ technologies and regulations geared towards reducing air pollution in Beijing and the rest of China. This has included flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system that all coal-fired plants are required to use . The adopti on is encouraging given that by 2010 over 81% of such plants had already installed FGD. Coal washing compliance has also increased by an impressive 15% between 2005 and 2010 . A tremendous control of PM has been achieved in Beijing through policy and standards implementation. The 2003 PM emission standard (GB 13223-2003) requires PM concentration in flue gas to be less than 50mg/m3. Installation of electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters in coal units with generation capacity of over 600W resulted in decrease of PM2.5 of between 7%- 69% from 1990 to 2005 in different sectors. However, this gain from technological measures was reversed in the later part of the decade due to an explosive growth of high PM emitting industries such as steel, cement and aluminum. In Beijing, the PM10 remains relatively high fluctuating around 114-125 g/cm3 from 2005 to 2010 . While these traditional approaches are indispensable, the actual solution may lie in promoting energy efficiency and renewa ble energy sources. This intervention approach is to ensure that fewer pollutants are produced from sources. In all respects, Beijing needs to considerably reduce its overreliance on coal, the primary source of air pollution and the main driver of its industries. Past experience has shown that localized actions and policies do not produce lasting reduction in emission primarily due to infiltrations from outside. Therefore, future efforts to cut high emission in Beijing need to take this into account. A comprehensive approach would seek to address various pollution problems including acid precipitation, ozone, particulates, and greenhouses gases. To this end, regional air pollution modeling and networks should be encouraged. This will help craft better forecasts, regulation and emergency systems Anti-pollution organizational practices Beijing could borrow from foreign standards regulating vehicle emissions. Being the capital city, Beijing has to implement the phase emission standard to those in Europe. Encouragingly, Beijing enforced phase 4 emission standards in 2008 and 2009. This control measures are vital in decreasing the overall fleet average emission factors in the city. Indeed, studies have shown that the implementation of phase 1-4 emission standards since 1995 has resulted in annual decrease of fleet –average emission factors of CO,HC, NOx and PM10 in light duty cars by 12.5%, 10.0%, 5.8% and 13.0% respectively. Conclusion Air pollution is a serious problem in Beijing. Massive industrialization has brought with it catastrophic levels of pollution to the city. The dire situation of air quality has earned Beijing the embarrassing label of the pollution capital of the planet. The single most important source of pollution is coal. Combustion of coal leads to increase in various carbon compounds in the air and is the precursor to many greenhouse gases. The primary driving factors of pollution in these like are no different from those elsewhere. They include presence of heavy industries, huge population, high number of personal car and general inefficiency in pollution control by government and local authority bodies. High rate of pollution has caused a number of problems in the city including, high incidence of respiratory diseases and contributed to immigration abroad by foreigners and locals. On the other hand, the problems has negatively impacted the environment through acid precipitation, interfering with plant growth and increasing levels of greenhouse gases that have been associated with the global warming phenomenon. Animal sanctuaries have also been unpurified leading to imbalances in their ecosystem and frequent deaths. The effects of severe air degradation havebeen felt on the economic development of the city. This is because huge invested have to be made to mitigate the harmful effects brought about by the emissions. Whereas efforts in past two decades to contain air pollution in Beijing have produced commendable re sults in mitigating their negative effects, a lot of challenges still remain. With industrialization yet to peak in the city, current mitigation measures are poised to get diluted by upcoming industries, especially those traditionally associated with high particulate matter content. However, current measures should continue to emphasize more vegetation planting, greater use of public transport system, and enhancement of environmental consciousness. The city also needs to adopt more cleaner and renewable sources of energy such as solar and significantly cut it’s over reliance of coal as the primary source of energy. It is equally important for the government and local authorities to work in tandem in implementing emission regulations and policies. Otherwise, reduction in air emissions will not be realized anytime soon. References Associated Press. (2013, Jan 12). Air pollution in Beijing reaches hazardous levels. Web. Chan, C. K., Yao, X. (2008). Air pollution in mega cities in China. Atmosph Env, 42, 1-42. CSIS. (2008). Assessing the Chinese government response to the challenge of enviroment and health. Washingto D.C: CSIS Freeman Chair in China Studies. Gao, C., Yin, H., Ai, N., Huang, Z. (2009). Historical analysis of SO2 pollution control policies in China. Env Mngt, 43, 447-457.doi:Doi 10.1007/s00267-008-9252-x. Hays, J. (2012, April). Air pollution in China. Facts and Details. Web. Ho, M. S., Jorgenson, D. W. (2008, September-October). Greening china: Market-based policies for air-pollution control. Harvard Magazine, pp. 32-38. Ma, W. (2013, January 14). Beijing pollution hits highs. Dow Jones Company, Inc. Web. Millman, A., Tang, D., Perera, F. P. (2008). Air pollution threatens the health of children in China. Pediatrics, 122, 620.doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3143. Wang, S., Hao, J. (2012). Air quality management in China:Issues, challenges ,and options. J of Env Sc, 24(1), 2-13.doi:10.1016/S1001-0742(11)60724-9. Wu, Q. Z., Wang, Z. F., Gbaguidi, A., Gao, C., Li, L. N., Wang, W. (2011). Numerical study of contributions to air pollution in Beijing during CARE Beijing-2006. Atmph Chem Phy, 11, 5997-6011.doi:10.5194/acp-11-5997-2011. Wu, Y., Jiewang, R., Zhou, Y., Honglin, B., Xinfu, L., Ebinhe, K., et al. (2009). On-Road vehicle emission control in Beijing: Past ,present and future. Environ. Sci., 12, 322-345. Zhang, J., Smith, K. R. (2007). Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in China: Measurements, health impacts, and interventions. Environ Health Perspect, 115, 848-855.doi:10.1289/ehp.9479. Zhang, J., Mauzerall, D. L., Zhu, T., Liang, S., Ezzati, M., Remais, J. V., et al. (2010). Enviromental health in China: progress towards clean air and safe water. Lancet, 375, 1110-19. This research paper on Pollution in Beijing, China was written and submitted by user Averie W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tropical Cyclones and Drought Essays

Tropical Cyclones and Drought Essays Tropical Cyclones and Drought Essay Tropical Cyclones and Drought Essay Essay Topic: The Year Of the Flood Australia is well known for its natural disasters including BushFires, Floods, Droughts and Tropical Cyclones. The major disasters being Tropical Cyclones and Droughts. A cyclone is a large-scale, atmospheric wind and pressure system characterized by low pressure at its centre and by circulating motion, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.An example of a tropical cyclone is Australias deadliest one yet which occurred on the 4th of March 1899 when a cyclone hit a pearling fleet in Bathurst Bay and caused a massive storm surge accounting for 307 known fatalities and tropicals lows of flooding. A drought is a period of dry weather, especially a long one that injurious to crops. An example of a drought in Australia is one which lasted 12 years killing much of Australias flora and fauna and destroying much land. Tropical Cyclones:Tropical Cyclones are a very horrific situation to be in they have many impacts and consequences that come with the fear of this natural disaster. The impacts of Tropical Cyclones include floods on the roads, in homes and in buildings, landslides on hills in ditches and hills, not being able to drive as of excessive water. The impacts of this disaster cause havoc, frustration and stress for many of the towns occupants and citizens. Along with the impacts of the disaster comes the consequences.Consequences of Tropical Cyclones can be categorized into three sections the first being the consequences to people, the second being the consequences to the environment and the last being the consequences for the Australian Economy. The consequences to people include death, injury and loss of family members meaning drop in population and heartache to many citizens in the community. The consequences to the environment include loss of land, loss of flora and fauna and loss of homes destroyed through the cyclone. The consequences or the Australian Economy include donation to the effected community or town to help rebuild the welfare, homes, land and building which appeared before the disaster. Other consequences for the economy include reduced income for businesses affected by damage resulting from the cyclone, farmers suffer from crop damage or livestock losses, and on Australias eastern coast, this specifically effects Australias specialized tropical fruit industry, local businesses may have building damage and lose some of their produce.This drives up prices of goods and supplies because they have to be brought in from further away, so the businesses have to pay more for transportation costs sometimes, businesse s close down and people are left unemployed, tourism stops for the short term, there are enormous costs sometimes hundreds of millions of dollars involved in rebuilding infrastructure and damaged buildings. Although this may not seem like a big deal it clearly is as it costs a lot of money to help move on from this occurrence.Many people all over the country of the affected area helps to manage and recover and return to normal life. Many management strategies are put in place to help develop the community affected. Strategies such as donations from different states, cities and foundations are made and volunteer work is used as a strategy to help build building. Droughts: Droughts are a very frightening and stressful situation to be in as they have many impacts and consequences that come with the fear of this horrible natural disaster.The impacts of Droughts can often have a dire economic implications, particularly for the agricultural community, i n order for agriculture to be suc cessful, a baseline amount of water is needed. When a drought occurs, this baseline cannot be met. Livestock and crops die, leading to reduced output and a loss of earnings for farmers. Some of the industries directly affected by drought include beef, grain, cotton, dairy, sugar, other food products and wool. Along with the impacts of the disaster comes the consequences.Consequences of Droughts can be put into three sections the first being the consequences to people, the second being the consequences to the environment and the last being the consequences for the Australian Economy. The consequences to people are starvation, loss of life, death, loss of land, loss of agriculture and loss of flora and fauna. The consequences to the environment include cracks in the land, death to plant and animal life, wrecking of homes and loss of water.The consequences for the Australian Economy is the slowdown in the economy growth as a result of the drop in farming output as key crop production f alls 1/3 due to loss water. Although this may not seem like a big consequence but it clearly is as this means not import or export of goods from our or other countries. I strongly believe that Tropical Cyclones and Floods have a greater impact on Australia than droughts as these natural disasters cause more damage through death, loss of land and drop in flora and fauna rather than what a drought can accomplish.

Long Island University (LIU) Brooklyn Admissions Info

Long Island University (LIU) Brooklyn Admissions Info Long Island University Brooklyn Admissions Overview: Long Island University (LIU) in Brooklyn is a generally open school; the acceptance rate is around 88%. Students can apply using the schools application, or with the Common Application. Additional required materials include an essay, letters of recommendation, and high school transcripts. SAT and/or ACT scores are not required, but students can submit them if they wish. For complete instructions, prospective students should visit LIU Brooklyns website, or contact the admissions office.   Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): Long Island University Brooklyn Acceptance Rate: 88%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for LIU Brooklyn AdmissionsWhat SAT numbers meanNortheast Conference SAT score comparisonWhat ACT numbers meanNortheast Conference ACT score comparison Long Island University Description Founded in 1926, Long Island Universitys Brooklyn campus is located in the heart of Brooklyn, a block from Fort Greene Park. The school is one of the most diverse in the country, and it takes pride in serving many first-generation college students from around the globe. The university has strong programs in the health sciences and has affiliations with some of the worlds top hospitals and pharmaceutical companies. The campus sits adjacent to the Brooklyn Hospital Center. The university has a 15 to 1  student/faculty ratio. Nursing is the most popular bachelors degree program. In athletics, the LIU Blackbirds compete in the NCAA Division I  Northeast Conference. The school fields 14 Division I sports. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 7,609  (4,275 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 31% Male / 69% Female88% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17) Tuition and Fees: $36,256Books: $2,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $13,426Other Expenses: $2,500Total Cost: $54,182 LIU Brooklyn Financial Aid (2015  - 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 96%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 94%Loans: 61%Average Amount of AidGrants: $19,592Loans: $6,683 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Business Administration, Marketing, Nursing, PsychologyWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 61%Transfer Out Rate: 40%4-Year Graduation Rate: 8%6-Year Graduation Rate: 28% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Basketball, Track and Field, Soccer, Golf, Soccer, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Basketball, Volleyball, Soccer, Track and Field, Bowling, Golf, Lacrosse, Soccer Data Source National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like LIU Brooklyn, You May Also Like These Schools CCNY, City College of New York (CUNY):  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHunter College (CUNY):  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphYork College (CUNY):  ProfilePace University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSt. Johns University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphNew York University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLIU Post Campus:  ProfileFordham University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMassachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences:  ProfileAlbany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences:  Profile

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Education - Essay Example The hurdle ahead to making and cultivating of bright future leaders lie in the fact that there must be a solid, rational and foolproof system in place that ensures the supply of the best possible talent in a systematic manner for generations, just like the flow of fresh waters from glaciers, unconditional and superfluous. Young talent originates from the children of a nation. Indeed the birth of a â€Å"born brilliant† is the miracle of Mother Nature but the polishing of a gem till its transformation into a priceless jewel that the world can admire but cannot afford to buy is the duty of a jeweler. Similarly the states today need to nourish their children and develop them into accolades that honor the nation in the future with standout performances in the fields of military, science and technology. Perhaps this one of the most significant reasons that why developed countries spend large chunks of their budgets on the development programs for children; and why do they allocate high percentages of their budgets to educational and other development programs that are aimed at providing the best of the facilities and infrastructure to their children. Some Exemplary Moves It took United Nations (UN) not long to correctly identify the benefits and meaningfulness of children to the progress and success of the world in the long run. UN was proactive in addressing to the arrangements that were required to be made in order to provide a platform to children and adolescents to coin their opinions and voice their concerns on higher levels. Several resolutions have been passed in the UN as part of the process that ensures that member states provide bright and lucrative opportunities to the young members of their populations to be a part of the decision making process and of the work force (Harry Sheir, 2001). Inviting young individuals to higher platforms and including and considering their opinion and views into the final decision making has become the order of the da y in most developed countries as of today. Activation of youth parliaments and student convoys of International Relations and Law students travelling from one country to another in search for knowledge and solution to modern day political enigmas and scenarios is a rising trend. United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Children is also a great breakthrough in the right direction. In light of the articles and clauses of this convention the rights of children to participate in decision making were addressed and implemented in various countries. Developed nations like UK have adopted this convention as one of the primary guidelines to enhance the development of children in its territory and to give them more rights and space to work with (US Census Bureau, 2011). In United States of America, children development is a seriously considered issue and it entails a lot of policy making measures around it. There are several prominent state funded child care and development programs in the US that ensure that children are given the best possible facilities and infrastructure to grow and nourish and flourish. To ensure that children are taken care of well at all times programs such as Child Care and Development Block Grant is one example of state funded programs for children that cater to families belonging

Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Economic Development Research Paper

Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Economic Development - Research Paper Example Additionally, the consumers shop with the company, as the company site enables them to shop thousands of products with the hundreds of local retailers (AOL Inc., 2014; Shopcaster Inc., 2014; Mantella Venture Partners, 2013). Entrepreneurial attitudes generally vary with prospects culture and attitudes of people in the countries. Canadians are having extremely positive attitude with regard to entrepreneurship attitudes. In this regard, 61% of Canadians belief that entrepreneurship is an effective career choice and 70% considers that successful entrepreneurs are having respective social status in Canada. In terms of entrepreneurial activity, around 12% of the Canada’s working-age becomes entrepreneurs in early stage. The activities of the Canadians reflect that younger workforce of the country are strongly engaged in entrepreneurial activities. Moreover, Canadian entrepreneurs are highly ambitious, as 22% of entrepreneurs have targeted to induce 10 jobs along with 50% growth within the duration of five years. It has been identified that around 32% of entrepreneurs possess certain objectives in order to introduce new products in the market (Kremmidas, 2014). Additionally, the entrepreneurial demogra phics of Canada reflected that 6.3% of people are self-employed within their incorporated businesses (1Government of Canada, 2014). The stages of entrepreneurship and the framework conditions for Shopcaster in Canada are based on the ‘Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’ (GEM) model. The different stages of the framework include social norms, national conditions, economic activity and infrastructure. Judy Sims obtains inspiration through interactions with local retailers and the knowledge about the strong needs of web presence to communicate with customers. Correspondingly, the business framework is based on creativity ideas of Judy Rims and Aron Jones and having support from government as well as infrastructure

Acid rain Essay Example for Free

Acid rain Essay Acid rain is a result of air pollution that is harmful to the environment, generally caused by fuels being burnt. When any type of fuel is burnt, many different chemicals are produced. These gases that are released react with the water in clouds, and the rain from these clouds is acid rain. This type of acid disposition can appear in many other forms besides just rain, such as sleet, snow, and fog (Editorial Board, 2013). There are several sources of pollution and many causes for acid rain. Though acid rain can be generated by volcanoes and decaying vegetation, it is mostly caused by man-made activities (Carper, 2012). The most polluting gases that cause acid rain are nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxides (Yedjou, 2015). Different industrial processes contribute greatly to producing these harmful gases, such as the production of iron and steel, factories, chemical industries, and power stations. The burning of fossil fuels by these power-production companies and industries release sulfur into the air that combines with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide (Carper, 2012). Basicily anything that burns fuel, produce these polluting gases, such as the fumes that come out of a vehicles exhaust, or the heat we use to warm our homes. Acid rain greatly impacts the natural environment by polluting water sources, such as lakes and streams. In return this kills plants and fish, which negatively affects other animals and entire ecosystems. This type of acid disposition also damages soil and trees, and accelerates the decay of buildings and structures (Yedjou, 2015). Acid rain also affects human health by being inhaled into people’s lungs which increases premature death from heart and lung disorders, such as bronchitis and asthma (Carper, 2012). Though acid rain is not a major issue today, there are still steps that can be taken to help eliminate this issue. Acid rain can be carried great distances by wind direction, and the countries that produce it may not always be the ones most affected by it (Yedjou, 2015). So if these countries would be more considerate of their neighbors and where the acid rain they produce actually falls, then it could help to decrease this  pollution. Limiting the amount of sulfur and nitrogen oxides that are released into the atmosphere, cleaning up smokestacks and exhaust pipes, and using alternative energy sources can also help to mitigate the problem (Yedjou, 2015). Everyone can play their part in reducing acid rain by turning off appliances when not in use, turning off lights, reducing heating and air conditioner usage, and insulating their homes. Conserving resources is also extremely helpful, such as carpooling and using public transportation. References Carper, L. (2012). Fossil fuels: Environmental Effects. Retrieved from http://www.ems.psu. edu/~radovic/Chapter11.pdf Editorial Board. (2013). Environmental Science. Schaumburg: Words of Wisdom, LLC. Yedjou, C. (2015, March 09). Colorado Technical University. Live Chat. SCI201-11-213-6. Retrieved from http://ctuadobeconnect.careeredonline.com/p3aqzu14uuu/?launcher=fals fcsContent=truepbMode=normal

Robert Frost Essay -- essays research papers

Natures Theme   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nature is always hinting at us. It hints over and over again. And suddenly we take the hint.† This quote was taken from Robert Frost and demonstrates his feelings toward nature. Robert Frost is a well known American poet who draws on nature as the subject of his poems. There are three main things that account for Robert Frost’s poetry. In his poems, he uses familiar subjects, like nature, people doing everyday things and simple language to express his thoughts. His poems might be easy to read by some, but not necessarily east to understand. It is not hard to see through his poems, how deeply moved he is by the Earth. In many of Frost’s poems about nature, he recognizes the beauty of nature, but is also confused and sometimes saddened by its continuous change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nature is all around us and we, as a society, are bound by its unpredictable changes. Robert Frost finds the beauty of nature, yet is aware of its uncertainty. The majority of Frost’s poems can be connected to the outdoors and a feeling of free that Frost seems to cherish. When Robert Frost’s poems are analyzed in depth, it becomes apparent that his view on nature are quite complex and much more of what is usually seen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frost had a love-hate relationship with Mother Nature. In his personal life he reveled in the simple joys of farming and being in touch with the earth. However, what he saw on the underside of natu...

Environmental sciences

The aims of prolonging yourself and their environment are about a dubious ground. Sustainability involves stagnation which refers to the rate of growing for human existences, workss and animate beings stay stable. This is far off from the instance, as our population rises with an unequal distribution, works and carnal resources are turning down at alone ratios. In developing states where industries are turning, urban conurbation threatens ecosystems and H2O resources. Promoting urban planning, preservation, and clean energy seems like it would be easier than traveling back subsequently and seeking to undo harm inflicted by unsustainable patterns. To command the population, this is basically to prolong the population. It is much more important that beginnings are apportioned every bit, and utilised conventionally. As our state, the United States of America is one of the topmost consumers of renewable and non-renewable resources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in order to accomplish sustainability in the United States, is concentrating on advancing green concern patterns, using more governmental ordinances and policies, and working on progresss in scientific discipline and engineering. In order to prolong ourselves, we have to derive cognition of what is needed, non what is wanted or desired. Harmonizing to The World Business Council for Sustainable Development ( WBCSD ) 2008, the measure of energy and material resources supplied required for industrial growing, the ingestion of natural resource is increases up to 170 % of the Earth ‘s bio-capacity by 2040. Sustainability is the footing for non merely by modifying our ingestion wonts, but besides by protecting and cognizing that natural ecosystems required being continued. If these systems do non hold clip to replenish, and if they do non maintain on cleansing of toxins and other pollutants, than the natural resources will complete. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development ( WBCSD ) 2008 considers that 60 % of the Earth ‘s ecosystem services have been humiliated in the initial 50 old ages. This debasement must be closed down, and citizens must give accent and act on environmental stewardsh ip. Sustainability is a idea that is hopeful and positive but non groundless. With the aid of planetary support and educational plans, continuing our environment is possible. We can merely wish to better our environment, so that population matters become the past experiences. Sustainability can non merely concentrates on population or even how clients in developed states are doing usage of merchandises. This requires being more holistic and taken into history environmental felicity and safety in add-on to societal and economic wellbeing.Mentions:The World Business Council for Sustainable Development. ( 2008 ) . Sustainable Facts and

Malevolence and Benevolence Essay

The themes of malevolence and benevolence are depicted in the short stories Rappaccini’s Daughter, The Minister’s Black Veil and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthrone. In the short story Rappaccini’s Daughter, the theme of malevolence and benevolence are portrayed through the characters of Rappaccini, Professor Baglioni and Beatrice. Rappaccini is a scientist who uses her own daughter Beatrice for conducting experiments on poisonous plants. His malevolence renders Beatrice’s touch poisonous and makes her to lead a lonely life. Similarly Baglioni tricks Giovanni into giving an antidote to Beatrice which kills her, to ruin the experiment of his rival Rappaccini. â€Å"Just at that moment, Professor Pietro Baglioni looked forth from the window, and called loudly, in a tone of triumph mixed with horror, to the thunder-stricken man of science: â€Å"Rappaccini! Rappaccini! And is this the upshot of your experiment? †(Hanthrone). Beatrice is benevolent who warns Giovanni about her poisonous touches and even sacrifices her life for her father’s experiment. In the story The Minister’s Black Veil, Reverend Hooper represents benevolence whereas the black veil which he wears stands for malevolence. Hooper is benevolent minister who carries out his duties honestly. It is his black veil which reminds the people of the town about their malevolence and makes them to confess about their sins. â€Å"Such were the terrors of the black veil, even when Death had bared his visage! † (Hanthrone). In the short story Young Goodman Brown, theme of malevolence and benevolence is depicted in the thoughts of Goodman Brown and witches. Brown is a benevolent Christian who follows good values. He advises his wife to look towards heaven when he sees that the witches are enticing her to convert into a witch. â€Å"Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One†. On the other hand the witches in the forest represent malevolence as they claim that a man can achieve happiness through malevolence. Works Cited Hawthrone, N. Rappaccini’s Daughter. Retrieved December 15, 2008 from http://www. shsu. edu/~eng_wpf/authors/Hawthorne/Rappaccini. htm Hawthrone, N. The Minister’s Black Veil. Retrieved December 15, 2008 from http://www. eldritchpress. org/nh/mbv. html Hawthrone, N. Young Goodman Brown. Retrieved December 15, 2008 from http://www. ibiblio. org/eldritch/nh/ygb. html

National Security essays

National Security essays Clausewitz defines a center of gravity as the hub of all power and movement, on which everything depends... What are the U.S. centers of Gravity for Homeland Defense and Homeland Security? According to Colonel John Osgood, the Army Field Manual 100-5 quotes Clausewitzs definition of center of gravity as the hub of all power and movement upon which everything depends in a war(Osgood, 1998). Clausewitzs discussion of the issue suggests that at the operational level the center of gravity is always found where the mass is concentrated most densely (Osgood, 1998). Clausewitz believed that at the operational level a commander must understand the dynamics of space, mass, and time. Space was the theater of operations, mass was the army and time was the campaign (Osgood, 1998). But the concept of the Department of Homeland Defense and Homeland Security would seen to thwart Clausewitzs concept of the center of gravity, as its theater of operations is the entire United States, the mass rather than the army are all individuals involved in policing the borders, which means all law enforcement agencies on every level of government, and even ordinary civilians who are counseled to keep their eyes open for possible terror threats are included in the mass. The time of the campaign never ends, as even if the leaders of terrorist organizations that spawned the demand for the department were apprehended, terrorism as a threat to United States citizens within the borders of the U.S. would not come to an end. Even in the words of the president, quoted on the departments homepage, the center of gravity is diffuse. This vital department is actively engaged in the war on terror. We are still a nation at risk. Part of our strategy, of course, is to stay on the offense agai nst terrorists who would do us harm. In other words, it is important to defeat them overseas so we never have to face th...

A Research on the Changes Brought by Title IX on Sports and Society

A Research on the Changes Brought by Title IX on Sports and Society A Nation Changer: How Title IX has changed sports and society Oftentimes when people think of what has changed this nation’s foundations, they think of the Civil Rights Movement and the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Not many people think about a piece of legislation passed in 1972 that prohibits participation, denied benefits, and discrimination based on sex in any education program receiving federal financial aid. This keystone piece in our history is called Title IX and has been under the microscope of scrutiny for nearly four decades, and to be honest, it should not be such the controversial subject it is. [NT1] When people think of Title IX, they often associate it with collegiate athletics. People think that way because they are not aware that it includes academics, support services, clubs, and so on. As a society we have unfortunately become glued to ESPN that we forget there is more to life than who beat the New York Yankees or what NFL superstar got arrested. The Women’s Sports Foundation revealed in a question-answer article that despite the ongoing claims and litigation brought to court by individuals and parents, more people are becoming more accepting of this law, signifying a major shift in society’s views of women in sports (â€Å"Title IX†). We as a society should not need this law, although important, to ensure gender equity. Instead, we should view men and women as equals. Title IX has expanded beyond the athletic fields and courts, beyond what society thinks it only deals with, and is now a major issue in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Since its enactment, women have become empowered and passionate about changing the society’s view of their sex across the board. Take one look at the last presidential election. The United States of America almost had for the first time in history, a female vice president in Sarah Palin. Even more so, look at who is running the State of North Carolina: Beverly Perdue. I found out from the Women’s Sports Foundation website that in order to be compliant with Title IX, a school must pass two parts of a three-part analysis. The first part is to provide athletic participation slots significantly proportionate to total student enrollment. The second part is that federally-funded institutions must show ongoing commitment to athletic opportunity expansion of the underrepresented sex, and lastly, the third part of the compliance analysis is accommodating the underrepresented sex’s interests and abilities (â€Å"Title IX†). I myself have been involved in athletics as a student-equipment manager for about a decade now. I am also majoring in Sport Management with a concentration in Athletic Administration at Western Carolina University. I am familiar with how Title IX works in an athletic department as a result of my curricula. To put the analysis in laymen’s terms, I will use Western Carolina University as an example. There are a total of 287 athletes, 111 being female and 176 being male. That equates to 39 percent and 61 percent respectively. The student body enrollment is 9,429; 56 percent being female and 44 percent being male. Western would not comply with this prong (proportionality test) because the percentages are outside the three percent â€Å"give or take† range. The expansion of athletic opportunities for the underrepresented sex prong is commonly referred to as a temporary compliance fix because a school can only use it for so long before they must switch to another prong. Western uses this prong as well as the third prong, the third by including athletic surveys in their admission application. When a student applies for admission, they must list sports they would be interested in playing. This satisfies the third prong of the compliancy test. For the longest time Title IX was only enforced in educational programs and those related. When lawmakers realized that athletic departments are also a part of the educational institution that is when the water really began to boil. One of the most significant examples in history of protesting athletic changes in favor of Title IX is the story of Chris Ernst and the Yale University’s women’s rowing team.[NT2] A member of the 1982 Olympic rowing team, Mary Mazzio produced in 1999, â€Å"A Hero for Daisy†. Figure 1 is a vivid shot of what the young girls did in the Yale AD’s office. According to Mazzio’s film and Ernst’s narrative, it was 1976 when the actual events took place, but the legend lives on: nineteen young women rowers wrote â€Å"Title IX† on their chests and backs and walked into the Yale athletic director’s office and stripped to their waists, revealing the phrase while Ernst read a statement. Before this protest, the women would have to come in after a grueling, sometimes cold, wet practice, and take cold showers. After the protest, the AD put showers in the women’s locker room and the entire story was all over the news†¦all across the country (â€Å"Hero†). [NT3] The main theme behind this film is the girls wanted to stop being treated as inferior to the men and have appropriate shower and locker room facilities. I saw scenes of the women having to get on the bus back to campus with frozen hair the showers were so inadequate. Several of the team members also became ill as a result of to not being abl e to take care of themselves properly. [NT4] Quite simply, the women were fed up with being treated as underdogs to the men and decided to stand up for what they believed was right. In my opinion, these women changed sports and without a doubt, society as well. The result of Chris Ernst’s actions undoubtedly made national news. Of all national broadcasting agencies to put this film on the airwaves was ESPN. The media is the largest form of intelligence transportation known to mankind. Both at Penn State University, Marie Hardin, an associate professor in the John Curley Center for Sports Journalism, and Erin Whiteside, a student pursuing a doctoral degree in the College of Communications, wrote an article in Newspaper Research Journal titled â€Å"Sports Reporters Divided Over Concerns about Title IX.† The article shows in a series of charts that although most sports journalists are acquainted with Title IX, their beliefs towards the law and homosexual athletes varies according to their own gender and amount of circulation (Hardin 1). Figure 2 gives clear gender-specific views of Title IX and sports: As you can tell from this chart, there is a higher percentage of men that think Title IX has hurt men’s sports than not. Women have a converse view, reporting that they think Title IX has not hurt men’s sports. Again with the second question, more men think that Title IX is just fine the way it is, and a large majority of the women interviewed still think it should be amended. It is a classic example of gender bias; People in this field tend to vote for their own gender no matter what is ethically right in the eyes of society. The media is just as bad, if not the worst, at being fair when it comes to publishing stories on women’s athletics. Hardin and Whiteside’s article states, â€Å"Studies have consistently found that women are positioned as less interesting and capable through both the quantity and quality of coverage. Furthermore, the lack of newspaper coverage devoted to girls’ and women’s sports does not reflect their participation rates, and editors have cited ‘lack of interest’ to justify these decisions† (Hardin 2). Unfortunately, people read more stories about the achievements of male athletes than female. Here’s a classic example: look at how many articles have been written about Shaun White, a professional snowboarder who has only recently made headlines with a spectacular performance at the Winter X Games, and Jamie Anderson, the female equivalent – with not quite the spectacular performance. I said Jamie Anderson and people probab ly had no idea who I was referring to because they did not see her name in quite as many articles explaining how great of a snowboarder she is. I would not say that it is an overall lack of interest in sports amongst females; I think one could unfortunately fault sports journalism for being bias. This biasness among sports journalism is an institutional norm; â€Å"Individuals who choose to resist those institutional norms by supporting women’s sports, for instance, can be ostracized† (Hardin 4). So if I choose to be a sports journalist and chose to go against the common grain of coverage and write about people like Jamie Anderson, I would be considered an outcast. An outcast for doing what I believe is the right thing to do, promoting the achievements of women in athletics. At least that is the mindset of sports journalism more often than not. Title IX is a law seeking to turn the tables of that popular notion. I know that one female in particular used Title IX in her favor and changed the way sports journalism views women. It was Chris Ernst, and when her complaint made the headlines, you can bet it impacted society. The general public might think, â€Å"Title IX sure does seem bias towards women.† They would be right; Title IX is directed more toward providing athletic opportunities for women. Steven Rhoads brings up in his article â€Å"Sports, sex, and Title IX† that this law is supposedly anti-discriminatory, when in fact it is just the opposite. Title IX fails to mention is that in order for institutions to be compliant with the law, some programs dedicated to male involvement must be cut, namely non-revenue earning sports. Take for example wrestling. Each of the three weight classes has a certain number of participants in them; call it twenty for easy math. That brings the grand total to sixty wrestlers. Since wrestling in most schools is not considered a huge ticket sell, it is often dropped due to Title IX requirements. That means sixty young men cannot go after a passion because of a law that tries to get more females active in sports. Rhoads also points out that based on t he interest prong of the compliancy analysis, it is hard to determine what females are interested in. Moreover, he explains that the psychology behind females in sports is much different than males in sports. Males have natural tendency to expend their testosterone-born aggression and competitiveness through sport. Males also make more friendships through involvement in sports. Even a benchwarmer on a football team feels he is a part of the team merely by cheering and being there for his team. Females on the other hand, when they feel they will be cut or see potential for arguments, they quit the team (Rhoads). So going back to the interest prong, could one argue that we are wasting time trying to figure out athletic opportunities for women by doing surveys when they may quit a team at first sign of struggle? Have you ever wondered how the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) schools fare in regard to Title IX? These are schools where the outcomes of football and men’s basketball games make headlines more often than academic research. According to â€Å"Part†, â€Å"Charles Kennedy is a senior instructor of political science at Penn State – York. He is a former Peace Corps volunteer, director of Pennsylvania’s Governor’s Action Center, and assistant to West Virginia’s Secretary of State† (â€Å"Part†). Kennedy came up with a playoff system explained in his article â€Å"Part† to determine compliancy using other factors other than the commonly-used three prong test. His variables come from a 2004 Chronicle of Higher Education gender equity study: participation, scholarships, coaching salaries, and operating expenses. The participation test is quite simple; the number of female student-athletes should be proportionate to the percent age of women in the student body. The scholarship variable is governed by the Office of Civil Rights and mandates that â€Å"colleges must award the same proportions of aid to female athletes as there are women participating in varsity sports. The proportion is to be within one percentage point† (â€Å"Part† 52). Two variables not included in Title IX are coaching salaries and operating expenses. I do believe that coaching salaries should be proportionate and fair because it makes the women coaches just as equal as the men coaches. Although operating expenses are not covered under Title IX, they are of concern with the Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act in that the EADA does mandate how much of an athletic budget must be reserved for women’s teams (â€Å"BCS† 53). In Kennedy’s analysis, the BCS Champion of Title IX was Ohio University, outlasting Stanford University 3-1 with individual statistics* of participation (-10.7: 0.0), scholarship (2.55:1. 96), coaching salaries (40.9:38.0) and lastly operating expenses (41.7:39.2). A cheist at the Naval Research Laboratory, Debra Rolison, has done Title IX protesting in the form of holding discussions nationwide in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics – STEM – disciplines. [NT5] In an interview report by Toni Feder[NT6] , Rolison feels that these departments should have to maintain a balance of male and female doctorate positions. According to a report given by the Congressional Subcommittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, if we want to have better educated graduating classes coming out of our universities and colleges, we need to open the door of recruiting and accepting women in the educational workplace more (Feder). [NT7] Julie Walters is an assistant professor of political science at Oakland University and Connie L. McNeely is a faculty member of the School of Public Policy at George Mason University. Together they wrote an article addressing gender equity in the STEM fields as well. They shed light on how little Title IX has been discussed in the realm of academics, when in fact academics is probably the more important subject to be discussed than athletics. Women are less inclined to go into STEM fields because â€Å"while both males and females are equally committed to academic careers, women’s higher turnover has been highly correlated with dissatisfaction and lower levels of research support, fewer advancement opportunities, intellectual constraints, and heavier teaching and service workloads† (Walters 1). If that is not sexual discrimination in the workplace, please tell me what is. It is completely unfair to shove more work onto women as retribution for trying to advance in their career. Universities exalt the male by allowing them easier course loads and giving them advancement opportunities quicker than females. I am not a feminist by any means, but I do know where to draw an ethical line, and what some universities do is plainly unethical and purely discriminatory. The worst part of it is that â€Å"an institution may attempt to defend itself by claiming, for example, that all such work is â€Å"voluntary,† but a question arises in the definition of â€Å"voluntary† in practice and application† (Walters 9). Just when people think the institution is the terrible person, take a look at the federal government; â€Å"In 1996, Congress cut or eliminated funding for state Title IX coordinators, and in 2003, cut funding for the Women’s Educational Equity Act of 1965, which provided grants in aid in promoting gender equity in educational environments† (Walters 9). What that last quote is saying is Congress basically said that f unding Title IX is no longer important. Schools nationwide need those coordinators to make sure the school is in compliance, and all of a sudden Congress says, â€Å"Gender equity is no longer a big deal to us.† You can bet that Congressional ruling impacted society and quite a few athletic departments. In a report by the National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education, statistics are showing that females are making significant strides in the academic field. According to the report, â€Å"In the last 10 years, the number of girls taking the AP Calculus AB exam has increased nearly 60% and the number of girls taking the AP Physics B exam more than doubled during the same period†¦ And, in 2007, half of the 40 finalists in the Intel Science Talent Search were girls† (â€Å"Science†). Even with a major law in place, women still see the cold shoulder; â€Å"unsupportive classroom environments, a limited peer group and outdated pedagogy; and women scientists and engineers earn less and advance slower than men in both academia and the private sector† (â€Å"Science†). In my opinion, we should accept women and girls not for just beauty, but for the amount of intelligence and other talent they have. In our dismal economy, we cannot afford to be discrimina tory against women, or toward any sexual orientation for that matter. We need the most qualified individuals in the positions, and if the most qualified are women, so be it. Continuing on with the STEM fields, the United States National Aeronautic and Space Administration – NASA – has their own policies on Title IX. NASA grants federal money to universities and other educational institutions for research and development. Since this aid is federal, it makes the entire organization subject to compliance checks. The â€Å"prong† analysis I mentioned earlier does not apply here as much as it does in athletics, but one could argue that the money should be allocated evenly amongst the affected programs. I found out that NASA does conduct random but forewarned interviews and tests among schools that received grants. In comparison to the NCAA punishment policies, NASA is fairly lenient, only bringing down hefty sanctions when the school fails to voluntarily comply[NT8] (NASA).[NT9] In conclusion, I hope that this explanation has left you, the reader, with a better understanding of how Title IX has impacted sports and society. I can only imagine what society was like before Title IX, and I am thankful that we have it today and for the future. Many generations to come will benefit not just in athletics, but in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Without a doubt, the people with passion for reforming society, namely Chris Ernst and people like Debra Rolison, are making the world a more balanced society.

Global Distribution Of Material Goods And Products Essay

Global Distribution Of Material Goods And Products - Essay Example An organization I worked for several years ago left me with many fond memories. I made many lifelong friends and enjoyed a pleasant environment. I later realized that the upper management cared little about the low wages employees earned I earned one raise of ten cents per hour in nearly four years, though I quickly became one of the top employees. I trained new employees and befriended everyone. I went the extra mile to show residents that I cared. My immediate floor nursing supervisors became my mentors. Co-workers in the same position as I were young females in their early 20s. We all worked hard with as much skill and caring as possible. Many of us grew close very quickly. We helped each other, supported each other during times of personal crisis and socialized together away from work. We found common ground and formed a culture of camaraderie, caring and moral support. Two groups of subcultures arose from this work situation. The subculture of nursing supervisors who were beginn ing their professional careers and families simultaneously formed one. Those of us who were single, young adults with a strong work ethic and sense of caring for others made up the other subculture. Upper management symbolically stated they did not belong to the general workforce, by locking themselves in their offices. Decisions were made by a couple hired as administrator and maintenance worker. The couple socialized with all staff and attended many functions outside of work. They became involved in each group dynamic as much as possible and were respected by everyone.

Negotiation between Fisher and Ury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 14

Negotiation between Fisher and Ury - Essay Example To illustrate the method of principled negotiation, the following negotiation was witnessed between two neighbors. The above negotiation utilized the principled model of negotiation. The parties involved are using both the soft and hard approach. Bugsy is applying the soft approach; trying as much as he can to remain civil. In addition, he considers Ronald as a friend; hence, trying to make concessions to retain the civility. However, it fails, as he trusts that Ronald will reciprocate his kindness and come to an amicable agreement. Ronald, on the other hand, appears to be a hard negotiator. They both argue over positions; hence, producing unwise agreements. Bugsy, being a soft negotiator, tries to be nice to Ronald. Fisher and Ury explain that being nice is not the solution. Some level of positional bargaining is sufficient to express interests. Bugsy is willing to compromise his position, but this makes Ronald tougher as he gets to realize his ‘supremacy’ in the argument. An efficient method of principled negotiation ought to consider the people, interests, options, and criteria to resolve the conflict. The conversation indicates that the people were not separate from the problem. In this case, both Ronald and Bugsy approached each other as the problem. Bugsy, despite trying to maintain the neighborly relationship, is frustrated by Ronald's lack of reciprocation. Ronald perceives Bugsy as an adversary; hence, failing to focus on interests rather than positions. By using the principled approach, both Ronald and Bugsy should have taken into consideration the available options to mitigate the conflict and establish relevant criteria to ensure that everyone’s interests are considered. Both Bugsy and Ronald approached the negotiation on established positions (positional bargaining). Ronald is adamant and unwilling to compromise on his position.  

Describe key financial statements, including balance sheets and cash Essay

Describe key financial statements, including balance sheets and cash flow statements - Essay Example The income statement is usually valid for a period that is specific. This may be a month or a year. Nonetheless, income statements are indispensable. This is because they permit the owners of a business to evaluate the business results over a period and to know the outcomes of other businesses for a similar period (Longenecker, Petty, Palich & Hoy, 2012). A cash flow statement illustrates the flow of money out and in a business. The cash flow statement depicts both the accompanying alterations and the current results of operation in the balance sheet. A cash flow statement is helpful in ascertaining the viability of a business that is short-term, most importantly, its capacity to pay costs. Moreover, a cash flow statement highlights the true cash flow paid and received by the business. A cash flow statement highlights the flows of cash from operations, that is, the staff and suppliers’ payments, and money received from clients (Longenecker, Petty, Palich & Hoy, 2012). Also, it shows cash flows from investing activities and financing activities. Cash equivalents are assets that can be willingly converted to money, for example, commercial papers, treasury bills, money market, or marketable securities. Moreover, cash equivalents have an existence that is short-term. Cash equivalents mature within a period of 3 months. A cash equivalent investment should have a change in value that has insignificant risk (Graham, Zweig, & Buffett, 2003). Accounts receivable is cash owed to a business by customers and the balance sheet depicts it as an asset. It deals with the billing of a client for services and goods ordered by the client. In addition, accounts receivable epitomizes cash owed by persons to the business on services or products sales on credit (Graham, Zweig, & Buffett, 2003). An inventory is a list of materials and goods that are stocked by the business. Inventories are mainly materials and goods