Social Determinants Of Health Disparities - 1354 Words

Social determinants of health inequity reflect deeper social divisions, which generate multiple risks that are reproduced over time. Hierarchies of power must be critiqued through the lenses of class and race to make tangible the seemingly abstract connections between social and economic determinants and distribution of health inequity. Racism finds refuge in various forms of material exploitation; narrow interventions that fail to address the root causes that undermine the health and well-being of members of the community will ultimately fail.1 The treatment of Mexican immigrants with tuberculosis (TB) by health officials in Los Angeles from 1914 to 1940 is a telling story that made salient the insidious impact of poverty and race on health, and it provides an important lesson for public health officials. The discourse of Manifest Destiny, which justified U.S. expansionism during the Mexican-American war, portrayed white Americans as superior to Mexicans and rendered Mexicans largely invisible in American public health policy for most of the 1800s. The dominant belief was that due to their inferior constitutions, the Mexican presence in America would eventually die out. Furthermore, the barrioization process kept Mexicans spatially and symbolically segregated from the greater population in California.2 It was only in the early 1900s, as it became clear that the Mexican population had, in fact, not died out, but had instead increased due to the growing number ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Determinants Of Health And Health Disparities1724 Words   |  7 Pagespublic health analysis have increasingly focused on how social determinants of health influence health outcomes and disparities (Clarke, C. E., Niederdeppe, J., Lundell, H. C., 2012). They have also explored strategies for raising pub lic awareness and mobilizing support for policies to address social determinants of health, with particular attention to narrative and image-based information Clarke, C. E., Niederdeppe, J., Lundell, H. C., 2012). The relationship between the social determinants of healthRead MoreHealth Disparities And Health Care895 Words   |  4 Pagesethnic health needs, including culture norms, religious mandates, and health disparities. The health disparities refers to specific differences in disease incidence, health outcomes, quality of health care and access to health care services that exist across racial and ethnic groups (Mandal, 2014). Disparities may result from inadequate access to care, poor quality of care, cultural issues and social determinants. Health Policy Issues Disparity Despite improvements, differences persist in health careRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Relationships On Mental Health1485 Words   |  6 Pagesnature, social relationships can influence behavioral health, psychological health, physical health, and mortality in a myriad of ways (Umberson and Montez, 2010). In general, healthy and high-quality social relationships are those characterized by support and mutual respect; whereas unhealthy and low-quality social relationships are those deemed toxic through stress and disrespect. High-quality social relationships, wherein people experience camaraderie and happiness, yield substantial health benefitsRead MoreHealth Disparities Among African Americans893 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican-American men lack appropriate necessities when it comes to health care. Continuous efforts to bridge the gap among African American men with prostate cancer still remains high in the United States. Evidence shows how disproportionate this ethnic population leads in both incidence and mortality rate concerning social determinants of health, as well as health disparities. Major key factors that contribute to this health disparity among African Americans men are low socioeconomic status (SES) andRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Infant Mortality And Birth Outcomes725 Words   |  3 Pagespeople work, play, grow, live that affect wide range of health and quality of life. The determinants like socio-economic status, race, ethnicity, social capital, behavioral factors (e.g., tobacco use, maternal smoking), biological and psychosocial factors (e.g., family and peer social support) which greatly affects the inequalities among minorities in infant mortality and birth outcomes (Kim, 2013). In order to understand the social determinants impacting infant mortality and birth outcomes, it isRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health1458 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as the social determinants of health; the central claim arising from this research is that â€Å"various social factors have a strong influence on population health and on inequalities in health outcomes across social groups†. (Preda Voigt, 2015) Social determinants of health are conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks. Conditions such as social, economicRead MoreHealth Disparities And Health Care For Minorities917 Words   |  4 Pageshttp://health.usnews .com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2016-02-11/racial-bias-in-medicine-leads-to-worse-care-for-minorities. In this article, the experience of a medical doctor is used to shed light on the subject of racial bias/ discrimination in health care and how it is affecting health outcome of racial and ethnic minority. â€Å"Race or ethnic group is a major social factor that influences health in the U.S Braveman 387. Health inequity is at the center stage of public health discussion. UnderstandingRead MoreHealth Status Of Minority Group Essay623 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The future health of the nation will be determined to a large extent by how effectively we work with communities to reduce and eliminate health disparities between non-minority and minority populations experiencing disproportionate burdens of disease, disability, and premature death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ~  Guiding Principle for Improving Minority Health Health Status of Minority Group Medical advances and new technologies have provided people in America with the potential for longerRead MoreHealth Disparities And Health Care1015 Words   |  5 PagesHealth disparities are present in our health care system. Whether it be racial, educational, or environmental, these disparities exist and are detrimental to health care outcomes. While there have been recent advancements in how to eliminate or reduce these disparities, there is still a major inequity in health care for all individuals. This paper will include definitions of health equity and health inequity, steps to reduce health inequity, and two important decisions used to decrease in healthRead MoreThe Social Determinants of Health: How Where We Live, Learn, Work and Play Impacts the Health of Americans1238 Words   |  5 Pagessome countries – but less than 45 years if she is born in others† (Commission on Social Determinants of Health [CSDH], 2008, p. iii). This startling statistic is found in the introduction to the report by the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) on the impact of certain inequities on people’s health throughout the world. These inequities, referred to as the social determinants of health (SDOH), are the social and economic conditions in the environment in which people are born, live, work

Analysis on Things Fall Apart Free Essays

Antonio Church March 21, 2013 Things Fall Apart Analysis The purpose of this paper is to provide the audience with my analysis of Chinua Achebe’s â€Å"Things Fall Apart. † I am going to start off by explaining the setting of the book. I feel that these types of facts are important to the story in making it readable to the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis on Things Fall Apart or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you understand where and when the story is taking place, you will get a good understanding of what the story is actually symbolizing. Once I finish that, I am going to discuss some of the key characters in the book along with some of the problems they faced. After that, I plan to fully analyze Chinua Achebe’s book that includes key themes, maybe some important symbols that make you dig deeper into the point of the book itself. This also includes the decisions of the main character that lead to rising action and/or falling action in the book. This is pretty much the meaning behind the book and helps the reader understand what the author wanted us, as readers, to know as far as the main point of writing about the subject he or she chose. Then I am going to end it off with an ending statement of what I actually thought about the book summarizing what was talked about previously. Chinua Achebe’s, â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, take place in the lower villages of Nigeria, Africa. Further reading states these could possibly be the villages of Mbanta, Iguedo, and Umuofia (where it is most of the time) in the time period of the 1890s. The setting shows that the story could be about an African successor of some sort before even starting to read. The setting also sets the narrator’s tone for the story. It seems, by reading on, that the narrator is or was possibly a native of the villages by the way he talked and discussed 1 the actions of the characters. The narrator’s tone also show signs of sympathy for the characters which makes the reader believe he was once or still is a native of the village. Now I am going to discuss some of the key characters of the story and their significance in the story. After reading a couple chapters of the book, the reader can catch on to who the protagonist (main character) could be. I believe the main character is Okonkwo, a native of the village Iguedo. It was said that Okonkwo was a great warrior and he proved those words were correct by defeating the once undefeated Amalinze the Cat in a wrestling match. The Cat was undefeated for seven years before going down to Okonkwo. Okonkwo was trying everything he could not to be anything like his deceased father, Unoka. I remind you that Okonkwo was considered a warrior in his village because his father was the exact opposite. In the reading, the narrator states that Unoka didn’t like blood or the sight of blood so there was no warrior type qualities in him. Okonkwo prided on being active and being what he calls, â€Å"manly. † He always wanted to prove that laziness got you nowhere and he really despised lazy men because his father was nothing but a lazy man. His father would always borrow money and eventually lose any money he had. As a kid, Okonkwo remembered his father being unable to feed his family because he was so lazy and made them starve of hunger. So Okonkwo set the standards of a man to be everything his father wasn’t rejecting anything his father stood for. Okonkwo was married three times to three different wives and with that brought many children. While trying not to be like his father, Okonkwo eventually started having a hard time adjusting to the lifestyle he had. He started having trouble being a father and remaining relevant in the village he resided. As he started to realize that he cannot keep up, the reader was left wondering if he’d ever get it together. 2 The major conflict in this story has something to do with change. A change in tradition causes Okonkwo to become more irrelevant and his decision-making is weighed heavily to be negative. The renovations in tradition of Umuofia, brought about by the whites, were eventually followed by most of the villagers that caused the tradition of the village to take a sudden change; a change that Okonkwo could not keep up with. The theme for this conflict could possibly be the struggle between tradition and change. I think this theme fits because it describes that there was a change from traditional (original) to something new, which would be tough for anyone at any time. Another conflict would be the obvious of Okonkwo trying not to be anything like his father. I don’t blame him by the way he described his father. No strong willed man wants to be a lazy, weak individual who can’t provide for his family. Every man wants to be strong, stand on his own two feet and succeed both financial and physically. Things take a abruptly negative turn when Okonkwo is eventually exiled for unintentionally killing a member of the clan. To my understanding, Okonkwo believed that it was a court messenger. Okonkwo then starts to feel weak because of this. He starts to think he has no power, no respect, or support from the fellow villagers. Of course, when your own all take a stand to turn against you, one will feel betrayed and ashamed. This led to Okonkwo believing that not only he has become weak, but his clan has become weak as well. So what does he do? He separates himself from the trouble; the anguish of depression and the thought of becoming anything like his father was something he simply could not take. So like any coward that cannot take the pressure of becoming a failure, he commits suicide by hanging himself. For someone who doesn’t want to be a disgrace, failure, and weak individual, he sure went out like one. 3 This was a good book to me. I believe that it had much significance to the Nigerian villages in which were discussed in the book. The author wanted us to know about Okonkwo and his struggle to accept change in a traditional environment. He wanted us to see how failure could eventually lead to depression and downfall. I feel that the author was trying to tell us that Okonkwo ended up trying not to be anything like his father but, in some cases, ended up to be just like him. By reading, I can say I feel that Okonkwo went out like a coward because anyone who commits suicide is nowhere near a strong willed â€Å"manly† man. His whole life, Okonkwo was trying to set an example for his deceased father by being everything he couldn’t be. This eventually led to his downfall because he was so strung on being this dominant individual; he lost sight of what was really going on, which was change. Change was the main reason life was eventually hard for him. But overall, I believe the book to be a great read. In conclusion, â€Å"Things Fall Apart,† by Chinua Achebe was a book about nothing less than a traditional man struggling to change. The setting was said to be in about the 1890s in the villages in Nigeria. One village in particular, Umuofia was where most of the story took place. I’ve explained to you that Okonkwo was a native of Iguedo and was this great warrior of the Umuofia clan. His father, Unoka, was considered a weak, poor, and cowardly man. Okonkwo set out in his life to be everything his father couldn’t be. He later became a victim of change and found himself becoming weak and unable to provide just like his father. Unable to deal with the agony of becoming any split image of his father and realizing his clan was becoming weak, he decided to hang himself and commit suicide. The perfect story of how success plus anger and violence brings a strong willed man to become weak. 4 How to cite Analysis on Things Fall Apart, Papers

Third Degree Burn Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Third Degree Burn and Effects. Answer: Third Degree BurnBackground A burn is a damage to body tissues which results from contact with elements such as heat, chemical or radiation. Third-degree burns are a type of burn damage that affects both the epidermis and the dermis i.e. both the outer and inner layer respectively. Third-degree burns are also referred to as full thickness burns. The classification of burns can be traced back to the 18th century by two German surgeons. The description of third degree burns at that time was a burn damage to both the skin and the underlying flesh, with a formation of a crust (Lee, Joory, Moiemen, 2014). Later in the 19th century, burns were classified into six degrees with the third-degree burns classified as burns resulting in the destruction of both the papillary layer and the subpapillary network of the corium. This classification done by Dupuytren is the one thats still in use up to date (Mieny Mennen, 2003). however, most of the literature works prefer a simpler classification which classifies burns into th ree degrees. This classification can be attributed to the works of a French surgeon by the name Boyer in the 18th century. According to Boyer, a third-degree burn is a burn that leads to tissue disorganisation leading to a dry yellow crust (Lee, Joory, Moiemen, 2014). Regardless, the most acceptable description being the type of burns that destroys both the epidermis and dermis. Cause Third-degree burns in most cases result from direct skin exposure to heat for an extended period of time. This includes contact with hot objects such as iron or a skillet. Additionally, exposure to flames from a fire for a long time can also cause full-thickness burns. A third-degree burn may also be caused by hot water or steam, caustic chemicals (such as acids), radiation exposure, friction and exposure to an electrical source (Borke, 2016). Symptoms An area of the skin that has suffered a third-degree burn, the skin generally appears either black, white, charred, brown or leathery in appearance. The wound is often surrounded by dry, black necrotic tissue. Owing to the fact that most nerve endings in the dermis are destroyed alongside it, full-thickness burns are typically painless (Singer, Taira, Lee, 2014). Regardless, since these wounds are surrounded by wounds of different thicknesses, the areas surrounding these wounds are often painful. Method of diagnosis A third-degree burn can be diagnosed depending on the patient symptoms and general health history. Through a physical exam, a patient can be diagnosed based on the signs and symptoms, and recent exposure to anything that can cause burns (i.e. anything hot, or a chemical, or any of the above-mentioned agents. Effects Third-degree burns are often difficult to treat and also runs the risk of disability upon recovery. The following are the most prevalent effects of full-thickness burns: Infections: Third degree burns interfere with the integrity of the skin hence hampering its capacity to perform the full function of serving as a barrier against external infections. Third-degree burn sites create hard avascular eschar forms that provide an environment thats attractive to microbial growth. In addition, antibodies and antibiotics cannot pass past the thick eschar Hypovolemia and hypothermic shock With third-degree burns, the capacity of the skin to perform the functions of regulation of fluid loss and the regulation of body heat. When third-degree burns occur over a large area, there is the risk of hypovolemia, alongside hypothermia which significantly increases the mortality rates in persons with severe trauma. Tetanus: There is an elevated risk for tetanus for burn sites. Patients suffering from third-degree burns and who havent been immunised in the past five years, are often at increased risk of developing tetanus, hence requiring a booster shot. Treatment Treatment depends on the patient's symptoms, age, and general health. It also depends on the severity of the condition. typically, treatment is done in a hospital unit specialised in burns. The three primary goals in the treatment of any burns are prevention of shock, relieve pain and discomfort, and the reduction of risk of infection (Kestrel Health Information, 2017). Treatment for full-thickness burns depends on the severity of the burn. The severity of a burn is determined by three major factors: the location of the burn, the amount of body surface affected and the depth of the burn (Adler Brown, 2017). The treatment may include immediate care in the emergency department, precisely the hospital burn unit. The care provided may include wound debridement to remove the dead tissue and foreign materials, breathing and blood circulation support, intravenous administration of electrolytes and antibiotics (can also be administered orally), administration of antibacterial cream, bandaging, administration of nutritional supplements and a diet rich in protein, administration of anti-itch and pain medications, and the tetanus vaccine (Cecil, Goldman, Schafer, 2012) Such wounds heal slowly. Often after it heals, surgery may be needed in order to facilitate movement of the limb and also to remove and repair the tissue that was scarred. Often, skin grafting may be required to cover or close the burnt area. Skin grafting involves removal of an unburnt healthy skin from another part of the body to cover the affected part. When an individual covers third-degree burns over a large percentage of the body, there are options of either using cadaver skin or using healthy skin as a skin graft (Lozano, 2017). Prevention Third-degree burns can be prevented by undertaking the appropriate precautions. Full-thickness burns often results from accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to take safety precautions whenever working in risky environments. This may include performing jobs in environments with electricity, and inflammable substances. These environments are precursors for accidents that may cause third-degree burns. To minimise the general risk of burns, individuals should take precautions such as installing smoke alarms in homes and at workplaces, learning about fire safety and emergency first aid, making the home environment risky free especially for children, installation of fire-fighting equipment at homes and workplaces, and knowing about and practicing fire escape routes at homes, schools and workplaces. Recommendations For the prevention of burns, it is recommended to work in risky-free environments at all times. Always minimise the risk of exposure and take precautionary measures. Conclusion Third-degree burns are a type of burns which damage both the epidermis and the dermis. They are also referred to as full thickness burns. Third-degree burns in most cases result from direct skin exposure to heat, steam, radiations, or caustic chemical for an extended period of time. Their diagnosis depends on the degree of damage and the general health of the patient. Without proper management, there is an overall risk of disability, hypovolaemia, hypothermia, tetanus and infections of the wounds. References Adler, L., Brown, K. (2017). Third-Degree Burn in Children. Retrieved from University of Rochester Medical Center: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90ContentID=P01760 Borke, J. (2016, May 5). Burns. Retrieved from MedlinePlus: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000030.htm Cecil, R. L., Goldman, L., Schafer, A. I. (2012). Goldman's Cecil Medicine. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences. Kestrel Health Information. (2017). BUrns, Full-Thickness (Third- and Fourth -Degree). Retrieved from Wound Source: https://www.woundsource.com/patientcondition/burns-full-thickness-third-and-fourth-degree Lee, K. C., Joory, K., Moiemen, N. S. (2014). History of burns: The past, present and the future. Burns Trauma, 169-180. Lozano, D. (2017). Third-Degree Burn: Treatment. Retrieved from Lehigh Valley Network: https://www.lvhn.org/conditions_treatments/burn/third_degree_burn/learn_about_third_degree_burn/treatment Mieny, C., Mennen, U. (2003). Principles of Surgical Patient Care. Pretoria: New Africa Books (Pty) Ltd. Singer, A., Taira, B., Lee, C. (2014). Thermal burns. In J. Marx, R. Hockberger, R. Walls, Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practic (p. Chapter 63). Elsevier Saunders: Philadelphia, PA.